why was france a threat to elizabeth in 1558why was france a threat to elizabeth in 1558

In 1485 - 1603 To What Extent Was The Government Of England - Phdessay The Protestant Elizabeth certainly faced difficulties upon becoming Queen with regard to legitimacy, especially from English Catholics and the wider Catholic world. [Clear link back to the question at the end of the paragraph here.]. Both could be serious threats to Elizabeths England. John White led another group to Roanoke, 3 years after the attempt to colonise it. Her sister, Mary, had made Roman Catholicism the official religion of the country, but many of the people were. They began to revolt against the Spanish. Elizabeth had also claimed all the profits from copper mines that were discovered in his estates which meant he lost a significant amount of money too. Approximately 30 ships were destroyed and tonnes of supplies were also seized including food and weapons. She was able to fight off illness, rebellions . The fact that the Pope never approved Henry VIIIs divorce from Catherine of Aragon in 1533 (and England had to break from Rome in order to achieve this) combined with the fact that Catherine was still alive when Elizabeth was born. In 1554 Mary had Elizabeth imprisoned in the Tower of London, briefly threatened her with execution, and then placed her under house arrest. The treaty also stated that Mary would give up her claim to the English throne, although this was not formally agreed by Mary. A very detailed response which demonstrates excellent subject knowledge and reaches a clear judgement based on justifiable criteria. Many northern nobles were still committed Catholics and wanted to see the restoration of Catholicism under a Catholic monarch. The Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis of April 1559 between Spain and France was meant to be the start of lasting peace between the two. First English colony in Virginia established. Elizabeth I (r.1558-1603) | The Royal Family To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Can I give a retake in the feb/march if I had given my exams in the may/June series. However, the Catholic Church bans divorce which presented a problem for Henry as he could not legally get rid of Catherine. A number of Catholic plots to remove Elizabeth in the 1570s and 1580s had his involvement although he was reluctant and half-hearted in their execution. There are 4 main exam boards used in the UK. Am I doing my History A-Level coursework correctly? Boston Spa, August 3rd - 4th: Spanish ships were outgunned and forced to move to Calais in France. Died: 24 March 1603. 1) In 1557, Mary I took England to war with France to support her husband who was already fighting the French. This was seen as a huge blow for English pride as England had territory in France for hundreds of years. This interference greatly angered the Spanish and provoked the ire of many Catholics, who now no longer saw Elizabeth as a mediator of the status quo, but as an interfering, troublesome monarch. The conspirators including Babington were all. Why Queen Elizabeth I signed a death warrant to execute the - HISTORY After his death, his two sons Harold and Hardicanute took over the throne in succession. West Yorkshire, "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 1st explanation. However, the Privy Council had put huge pressure on Elizabeth to marry and urged her to take a husband in late 1559, which suggests that the Privy Council would have agreed on a suitor had there been someone suitable as they realised the importance of securing a Protestant English throne and the Tudor dynasty, and perhaps it was this lack of a suitable suitor that caused Elizabeth to remain . Mary | Biography & Facts | Britannica They were also fearful that France would rekindle their loyalty to Scotland and threaten England from the north and south together. The loss of ships, weapons and supplies were proving incredibly costly for Spain as these needed to be replaced and obtaining fresh supplies put a strain on Spains finances. This significantly committed Elizabeth to support the Dutch rebels directly against the Spanish. Drake also managed to capture a Spanish ship called the. Anne Boleyn (L), Henry VIII (C) and Elizabeth I (R) Elizabeth was born on 7th September 1533 to Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. Francis Drake led an attack at Cadiz on the Spanish fleet, who were preparing for an invasion of the English. and reversing the religious settlement. Stimulus = Anne Boleyn / The threat from France, [Examiner commentary following each paragraph and at the end is provided in italics], ____________________________________________________. The plots were often uncovered due to Elizabeths informants and Walsinghams highly efficient spy network. Elizabeth was eager to nullify the threat of the Auld Alliance (Scotland and France), which had been further reinforced by the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots and French King Francis II. Elizabeth and the Netherlands Issue - 1576-1584 (GCSE Example - Tutor2u Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! Born 7th September 1533 , Elizabeth was the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th explanation. Elizabeth was born on 7th September 1533 to Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland was part of the rebellion against Queen Elizabeth. This established a new Anglo-Scottish peace and also reconfirmed the agreement at Cateau-Cambresis. PDF Paper 2: Early Elizabethan England 1558-88 - Oasis Academy South Bank She raised an army following her escape from prison but was defeated at Langside (Glasgow). In 1558, England lost its final possession - the port of Calais - in France. The Problems Facing Elizabeth in 1558 - Coggle Save. One reason Dudley failed was that he wasnt a talented general or tactician. In 1569, one of the wealthiest landowners in England, the Duke of Norfolk concocted a plan to marry Mary, Queen of Scots and have her recognised as Elizabeths heir. VAT reg no 816865400. Level 4 is about analysis supported by a detailed line of reasoning, so embracing counter-arguments like this are encouraged (so long as they can be explained).]. In 1558, England and Spain were still allies against France, but King Philip of Spain (who had been married to Mary) hated Protestantism with a passion. - Threats of invasion or Elizabeth's authority were made worse by her financial situation. The most important reason however was a combination of Marys arrival and the Popes interference. [This last point is important and often students dont embrace the anomalies for fear that it will undermine their argument. When Elizabeth I came to the throne in 1558, she inherited a difficult financial situation and a debt of 227,000. She pledged to finance an army of 7,400 English troops and placed Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, in charge of them. Elizabeth's sister Mary I had lost this port back of Calais to the French in an unsuccessful war that England and Spain had fought against France Elizabeth wanted it back to demonstrate England's strength France and Spain were no longer at war and there was a real possibility they may unite against England. Spains naval and military strength was much greater than Englands at the time, so Elizabeth was reluctant to do anything that could damage their already fragile relationship and lead to open war with Spain.. Why was France a threat? Anthony Babington, an English Catholic, wrote to Mary about the plot. In 1558, the same year Elizabeth became Queen of England, a number of Queen Elizabeth has confiscated large portions of land from the Earl of Northumberland and given it his main rivals in the north and south who were both Protestant. See our A-Level Essay Example on To what extent should changes in the relationship between monarchy and parliament from 1529 to 1640 be seen as arising from divisions over the future of the church?, British History: Monarchy & Politics now at Marked By Teachers. By instinct, Elizabeth was a Elizabeth I | Hampton Court Palace | Historic Royal Palaces The plots to overthrow Elizabeth failed for a number of reasons such as: In 1568, the Queens Spymaster, Francis Walsingham used his spy network to prove that Mary had supported the Babington Plot. The local inhabitants showed little mercy to the survivors of these wrecks. Overview of Elizabeth I / Therefore, France controlled the whole of the northern coastline and posed a major threat to England. As long as Mary was alive, the plots could always be deemed credible and many Catholics secretly wanted a return to Catholocism. The defeat of the Northern Earls showed there was little appetite for a Catholic revolution. These problems included Gender, Religion, Finance and Foreign policy. How serious a threat was Mary Queen of Scots to Elizabeth's rule? Elizabeth delayed the opening of this Parliament that had originally been summoned in the autumn of 1588 in response to the defeat of the Spanish Armada for as long as she could afford to, knowing that the Commons would be eager to broach two topics, religious debates and foreign policy, that she usually reserved to her prerogative. Mary served as a permanent reminder at home and abroad that there was a legitimate Catholic heir to the throne and, with the Popes blessing, willing Catholic rebels could convince themselves they were doing Gods work. The Spanish Armada sailed in 1588 and was completely defeated by the English. Foreign Affairs / Overview of Elizabeth I / Historical Association By studying this week, students should have an understanding of: . With no clear military successes for Dudley, he resigned his post in 1587 and returned to England. [The importance of dates and chronology help demonstrate the long- term impact of Marys presence, which helps support the initial judgement.]. PDF History Paper 2 - Elizabeth Topic 1: Early threats and the Religious Spain did not control a deep water port where the Armada could anchor safely and this left them extremely vulnerable to an attack while it waited for Parmas troops to escape the Dutch blockade. The plots to overthrow Elizabeth failed for a number of reasons such as: Elizabeth was actually popular which meant those conspiring to overthrow her lacked public support. - Financial issues may have led to her loosing powerful allies as she could not give important people grant patronages. Problems faced by Elizabeth I in 1558 - YouTube This was signed by the English nobility and gentry and required the signatories to execute anyone who attempted to overthrow the Queen. Good explanation and link back to the question here at the end of the paragraph.]. As King Phillip II ruled the Netherlands, he had control over the access to these vital Dutch ports and he could, therefore, limit English access. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 3rd point + evidence, - However Elizabeth was also faced with threats about her legitimacy and gender, "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 3rd explanation. Before she came to the throne her mother Mary of Guise ruled Scotland while she remained in France married to the French prince Francis. Those involved planned for an invasion of England by French troops and were financed by Phillip II of Spain and the Pope. - death of henry II. - navy to firth of Forth. By spring 1588, the Spanish Armada was complete and King Phillip was ready to launch his, The Armada was a huge fleet consisting of, The Spanish also had thousands of more soldiers stationed in the Netherlands under the command of the. From there we will look at the career . God blew and they were scattered - The National Archives The Pope, as head of the Catholic Church, could rally support for these plots and for some Catholics, obeying the Pope was more important than obedience to Elizabeth. To counter homelessness and the begging/criminal activity that sometimes accompanied this, a law was passed that stated that, if found, vagrants were: 1) to be whipped and have a hole drilled through each ear 2) if found a second time would be imprisoned 3) would be killed if found a third time. There was a very real risk that he could form an alliance with other Catholic powers such as France and Spain and invade England. The English Catholics now had no-one they could rally around and effectively lost hope of ever replacing Elizabeth. The plot failed as it was discovered by Francis Walsingham, Elizabeths principal secretary and spymaster, who placed Throckmorton under surveillance for several months. The English navy attempted some minor raids but they were largely ineffective as only 2 Spanish ships were lost, and these were by accident. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. After her death in 1558, her half-sister Elizabeth I preceded the throne and she tried to re-establish Puritanism in England. This meant her ability to govern from the outset was immediately hampered. Marys presence in England posed an on-going threat as she had a strong claim to the throne herself. Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland was part of the Rising in the North in 1569. In 1581, Protestant rebels in the Netherlands declared independence from Spain and established a Dutch republic. After inheriting the throne from her sister Mary I, Elizabeth was 300,000 in debt. As such, the Catholic community cited both religious and legal reasons why Elizabeth had no right to be Queen, which made her accession extremely problematic. The threat posed by the pretenders Perkin Warbeck and Lambert Simnel. J. What happened to Elizabeth I in 1554? - Answers At the start of her reign in 1558, Elizabeth faced many problems it was a very tumultuous time for her. Another extremely important problem Elizabeth faced were the threats from the Auld Alliance of France and Scotland, two Catholic countries that England was sandwiched between. Describe two features of the threats posed to Elizabeth in 1558 3. Her aggressive stance on some issues led to further problems such as those faced in Ireland. Some Vikings fled to France to establish a colony called Normandy. Another reason Dudley failed was a number of his officers were divided over questions of strategy. Italian bankers from Genoa had lent Philip II money to fund his campaign in the Netherlands (which was trying to put down the Dutch Revolt). This issue of divorce creates problems for Catholics. Thereafter, up to 11,000 English Catholics were either arrested or placed under surveillance. why was france a threat to elizabeth in 1558 - Dovskapets.com This led to a rampage of Spanish soldiers and the sacking of Antwerp. Elizabeth wasnt able to publically acknowledge his achievements and when the Spanish Armada attempted to invade England in 1588, he was the vice-admiral in command of the English fleet that helped successfully defend the attack. All Catholic priests are ordered to leave the country. This caused panic among the Spanish sailors, who cut their anchor cables and broke their defensive formation as they headed for the open sea. In 1568, a final blow came when some Spanish ships were blown off course into English waters, and the English seized them. Describe two features of the Rebellion of the Norther earls 1559 7. They Schools can qualify for all our resources for free. The reasons for, and significance of, Mary Queen of Scots execution in 1587. Legitimacy of succession: The Pope did not recognise Henry VIII's marriage to Anne. This meant atholics did not think . Elizabeth sent an army of 14,000 men to crush the revolt, which lasted around a month (November to December). The new and updated summary of the British and American history There were a number of factors that contributed to the English victory and Spanish defeat which included English strengths, Spanish weaknesses, as well as luck itself. By this time radical Puritan sectaries were perceived to be . They believed privy council members such as William Cecil had become too powerful and instead wanted to remove those they deemed evil and replace them with councillors more sympathetic to their causes.