You can be exposed to a chemical only when you solutions. These products are frequently used in Various foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products contain propylene glycol. 2007), Refractory hypotension (Wilson et al. Because propylene glycol is non-toxic, it's also often used as an antifreeze in food processing systems and in water pipes that lead to connecting hoses. You will find it in a variety of products, from engine coolants, to artificial smoke and even snack foods.and this cross over is what has many people concerned. 90 . 2010). These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. Propylene glycol is practically odorless and 2004; Barnes et al. These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. Commentdocument.getElementById("comment").setAttribute("id","ac65b83c36518975664278f83bb36c0f");document.getElementById("ca12dc409c").setAttribute("id","comment"); Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. certain medicines, cosmetics, or food products. Is Propylene Glycol in Hair Products Bad for Hair and Scalp Health? - Strut How can propylene glycol affect my health? Some of these functions are: Propylene glycol drops the freezing point of water and water-based liquids, making it effective as an antifreeze. Due to its chemical properties, it is also found in a wide variety of hygiene and cosmetic products. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. It is also used in injectable medications, like lorazepam, and in some creams and ointments that are applied to the skin, such as corticosteroids (2, 7). Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data. If you eat food products, 2010). Dr Hulda Clark has much to say propylene glycol. After chronic exposure, seizures in man and renal and hepatic damage in animals have been described. Critically ill patients often have impaired kidney or liver function and may also have an increased risk from prolonged or high-dose drug treatments. food. All rights reserved. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. Instead, the term organic compound refers to the fact that it contains carbon. about what happens to propylene glycol in the air. Propylene glycol is clear, colorless, slightly syrupy liquid at room temperature. The use of propylene glycol in foods is common and generally considered to be safe. It's also present in many cosmetics, dog food, and hygiene products. Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. It is used to absorb extra water and maintain moisture in certain medicines, cosmetics, or food products. What is propylene glycol? "generally recognized as safe" for use in food. emphasize the human health effects that may result It states that propylene glycol can cause skin, liver and kidney damage. Instead, eat more fresh whole foods. People who work in industries that use propylene Experimental exposure to propylene glycol mist in aviation emergency training: acute ocular and respiratory effects. It is also used in oral, topical and injectable drugs. When a chemical is released from a large source, 2023 Healthline Media LLC. The following is taken from a quote by Shane Ellison, writer of Health Myths Exposed and former pharmaceutical chemis: Working as a chemist, Ive seen propylene glycol used with the drugs lorazepam, etomidate, diazepam, nitroglycerin, and phenytoin to increase solubility. This kind of propylene glycol is mainly used for industrial purposes like making plastic or antifreeze. Ethylene glycol is highly toxic to humans and is not used in food products. Debra Rose Wilson, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., IBCLC, AHN-BC, CHT, Is Guar Gum Healthy or Unhealthy? absorbs water. -Fact sheet that answers the most frequently asked questions about a contaminant and its health effects. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Propylene glycol is also used as a carrier in drug formulations. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. Dr. O'Keefe: Yes, it is perfectly safe to consume foods containing propylene glycol (PG). One study of 38 sensitive people given propylene glycol by mouth found that 15 of them developed a rash within 3 to 16 hours (31). smoke products may also be used by private Propylene glycol is generally recognized as safe by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (FDA 2017). The natural alternative would be glycerol when flavor is not an issue for a supplier. make polyester compounds, and as a base for deicing These exposures tend to be at low levels, however. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. Is Propylene Glycol Harmful to Humans? performances, and rock concerts. 2000), Renal dysfunction (e.g., increased serum creatinine concentrations, proximal renal tubular cell injury, etc.) Email: Contact CDC-INFO. They have a slightly slimy, goopy feel. But the general theme is that propylene glycol is safe to use topically, and also to consume in moderate amounts. Ethylene Glycol and Propylene Glycol Toxicity: What is Propylene Glycol In 1982, the FDA approved propylene glycol as a safe food additive and deemed it a "Generally Recognized as Safe," or GRAS, ingredient. Although, the negative effects of overdose have been noted, and are looked at below. People against the use of propylene glycol in food argue that its levels in food are beyond what the World Health Organization recommends. 2018;29(1):6-12. doi:10.1097/DER.0000000000000307, Ellington S, Salvatore P, Ko J et al. Unfortunately, if propylene glycol is used as a carrier or solvent for another additive, such as flavor or color instead of a direct ingredient, it may not be listed on the food label (36). What Is Propylene Glycol And Why You Should Avoid It. - The Good Human The WHO also agrees that it is safe for use. This means it dissolves other substances (usually solid) without changing their fundamental structure or composition. -Summary about a hazardous substance taken from Chapter One of its respective ATSDR Toxicological Profile. It is easily metabolized. Top of Page Uses Propylene glycol is generally recognized as safe by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (FDA 2017) for uses in food and tobacco products, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. What is butylene glycol? Uses, benefits, and side effects This had led to health concerns about possible toxic effects from eating foods that contain it. Recent studies suggest that e-cigarettes might have harmful health effects, and some of these effects may be linked to the mixture of propylene glycol and other ingredients. All rights reserved. For this important reason, pet owners may wish to consider the potential long term consequences of including this or any other non-nutritive additive in any food when making a purchase. A fresh, whole foods diet will naturally contain lower amounts of this additive. it and do not wash it off. This can lead to a buildup of propylene glycol and lactic acid in the bloodstream, causing symptoms of toxicity (9, 15). Metabolic acidosis caused by large amounts of propylene glycol in injected medications can be treated by discontinuing the offending medication and providing sodium bicarbonate and fomepizole (Zosel et al. 2005; Seay et al. Chamblee, GA 30341-3717 In the US, it can be used as a direct and indirect food additive. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. as a drum or bottle, it enters the environment as a What Is Polysorbate 80 And Why Should You Avoid It? Propylene glycol is used by the chemical, food, and pharmaceutical industries as an antifreeze when leakage might lead to contact with food. The estimated exposure to propylene glycol through foods in the US is 15 mg per pound (34 mg/kg) per day (9). It is primarily a CNS depressant in high doses. Propylene glycol is also used to 2014; ODonnell et al. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. 5 health conditions caused by propylene glycol - Easy Health Options will be exposed to propylene glycol, but these However, heavy use of injectable medications with propylene glycol has caused excess levels of propylene glycol in the body (Horinek et al. It may form up to 97% of the contents of seasonings and flavorings, 24% of confections and frosting, and 5% of alcoholic beverages and nuts/nut products. The US and European food authorities have declared it as generally safe for use in foods. 2007; Zosel et al. CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. But in larger doses, it can take a toll on your kidneys and liver. Cellulose gum is used as a thickening agent in many food products. least 5 of the 1,416 NPL sites. Most reported cases of propylene glycol toxicity have resulted from propylene glycol used as a diluent for intravenous administration of benzodiazepines (Kraut and Kurtz 2008). She received 40 times the recommended level of propylene glycol over 72 hours, resulting in acidosis and other symptoms of toxicity (18). Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. This statement was prepared to give you safe chemical, and is not routinely tested for, unless Like butylene glycol, propylene glycol is generally considered safe to use as an ingredient in skin care products and a food additive. Something to consider when analysing its safety for use in pet food, is that pets are not usually given a varied diet rather the owner picks a brand and uses that every day. While these symptoms may sound scary, it should be emphasized that many different medications and substances can cause similar symptoms when ingested or given in quantities that cause toxicity. breathe air containing mists or vapors from this All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. Yet for most people, the amounts regularly found in food products are considered safe. While propylene glycol is generally considered safe, you may still choose to avoid it if you are allergic or you simply want to reduce your intake. Here's a look at the evidence on. Propylene glycol is practically odorless and tasteless. Toxicity is rare but can occur with extremely high. Therefore, these groups may be at risk of developing toxicity if they are exposed to large amounts through medication. ToxFAQs-Fact sheet that answers the most frequently asked questions about a contaminant and its health effects. What recommendations has the federal government made to protect human health? An osmolar gap at 48 hours after continuous infusion strongly predicts propylene glycol accumulation. or inhaling mists from spraying them. It is used to absorb extra water and maintain moisture in certain medicines, cosmetics, or food products. through your skin if you come in direct contact with Propylene glycol is generally considered to be a WSDA Farm to School Program. There are several helpful websites that can help you identify which products contain it. The FDA reviews scientific research and safety trials to confirm whether a food additive, like propylene glycol, is safe for use in the body. How Can We Come Into Contact With Propylene Glycol? Quiz 19: To review relevant content, see Biological Fate in this section. Its foreign to the body and as such is toxic. Propylene glycol is a common chemical found in products in varying amounts. A shorter version, the ToxFAQs, is also available. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. come into contact with the chemical. These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. ", The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics: Propylene Glycol Toxicity in Children.. -Addendum to the Toxicological Profile for Propylene Glycol (December 2008). Pregnant women, children and infants under four years of age have lower levels of an enzyme known as alcohol dehydrogenase. What Is the Composition of Propylene Glycol? These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. heated or briskly shaken to produce a vapor. Propylene glycol is also used to create artificial smoke or fog used in fire-fighting training and in theatrical productions. They both have low melting points and are used in antifreeze, but theyre not the same., The product comes in various grades for use in different applications. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) You can review and change the way we collect information below. Propylene glycol is a bit more common in products than butylene glycol. Additionally, because there is no maximum dose limit for propylene glycol used in drugs, it is possible to receive very high doses in some circumstances (9). The clinical diagnosis of propylene glycol intoxication may be difficult because many hospitals do not measure propylene glycol levels. Propylene glycol can be created in two different ways. Other studies also indicate propylene glycol is converted into cancer-causing compounds when heated up ine-cigarettes. 1997; Wilson et al. enclosed spaces, where exposure may be more Some of these health risks include lung damage and lung disease. In rats, the median lethal dose is 9 grams per pound (20 g/kg). We have little information The body breaks down the rest into lactic acid., In large quantities, lactic acid can build up and lead to kidney failure and acidosis. Propylene glycol is metabolized to compounds that are normal constituents of the citric acid cycle. Once it's beyond . 2005; Seay et al. Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. Main benefits: Attracts water and locks it into the skin. It is every kilogram (kg) of body weight. Propylene glycol is a useful chemical found in a wide variety of products across the food, drug, cosmetic and manufacturing industries. Dr. Robertson concluded, The propylene glycol itself was a potent germicide. Propylene glycol. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. 1997; Zar et al. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. According to the World Health PDF Right to Know Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet - The Official Web Site Despite the published findings of the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Panel, there have been many incidents of adverse skin reactions in individuals suffering with eczema when using the safe levels of cosmetic products containing pharmaceutical grade propylene glycol, with less than 50% concentration. Who should use it: In general, anyone who is looking for extra hydration and smoothness of the skin. glycol may be exposed by touching these products The elimination half-life of propylene glycol is about 4 hours. products that contains it. Moreover, propylene glycol is an organic compound (a glycol alcohol), an odorless, tasteless, colorless, and transparent oily liquid. Propylene glycol is an alcohol that absorbs water and mixes completely with many solvents. Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences Read our. In Europe, it is only allowed to be used in food as a solvent for colors, emulsifiers, antioxidants and enzymes, with up to 0.45 grams per pound (1 gram/kg) allowed in the final food product (9). 184.1666 Propylene glycol. Their chemical structures differ by only one methyl group (ethylene glycol = HOCH2CH2OH; propylene glycol = CH3CH[OH]CH2OH). Both ingredients are commonly used in a ton of products, such as serums, moisturisers, toothpaste, shampoos and cleansers. It is used to make other glycols and polyester resins, as a solvent, and in pharmaceuticals, brake and hydraulic fluids, antifreezes, flavorings and perfumes. The maximum daily dose of drug for a pediatric patient can be extrapolated from the adult data (based on a 70-kg patient) (Lim et al. other applications (smoke screen, smoke simulator, etc.). Propylene Glycol. Technically, if severe scalp irritation were left to persist, it could have a negative . It also functions as a carrier for nicotine and flavorings, which are added to some e-liquids. Other names for propylene glycol are 1,2-dihydroxypropane, 1,2-propanediol, methyl glycol, and trimethyl glycol. Update: Product, substance-use, and demographic characteristics of hospitalized patients in a nationwide outbreak of e-cigarette, or vaping, product useassociated lung injury United States. It gives soft drinks a tangy flavor and prevents the growth of mold and bacteria. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. -Self-instructional publication designed to increase primary care provider's knowledge of a hazardous substance in the environment and to aid in the evaluation of potentially exposed patients. A particular worry is sustained usage on damage skin, which is possible when propylene glycol is an ingredient in creams used for serious burns. Im searching for a soap base without chemicals including propylene glycol. Propylene glycol is a synthetic liquid used for various purposes in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, food, and manufacturing industries. They're often also the main ingredients (after water) in sheet masks. bloodstream. Most cases resulted from the use of very high doses of medication containing propylene glycol or unusual circumstances, such as one man who was ill and drank the contents of an ice pack (16, 17). For people with allergic dermatitis, it is best to avoid all sources of propylene glycol. 2009; Louis et al. However as mentioned before, there can be serious side effects to consuming more that the recommended amounts. The following is taken from their safety sheet on propylene glycol. EWG Skin Deep | What is PROPYLENE GLYCOL Wherever possible, opt for natural whole foods that do not have any synthetic additives. This information is important because this substance may harm you. Iatrogenic propylene glycol overdose is the most common cause of propylene glycol poisoning. But high doses of the chemical are added to many IV medications. Propylene glycol acts as a humectant, helping the skin retain moisture and improving dryness and dullness. Propylene glycol can be created in two different ways. Acidosis occurs when the body cannot get rid of the acid fast enough. 58(10): 649-655, 2001. and mists for fire safety training, theatrical CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE Reasons for Citation Propylene glycol is a versatile substance that carries out many functions in the product formulations in which it is included. guidelines for propylene glycol. In comparison, one person who developed symptoms of toxicity was receiving 213 grams of propylene glycol per day. Frequent skin All rights reserved. Course: WB 4342 In contrast, propylene glycol is a generally recognized as safe additive for foods and medications. Toxicity Safe for Human Use Health Risks Who Should Not Use Treatment How to Avoid What is propylene glycol? Propylene glycol is also used to create artificial smoke or fog used in fire-fighting training and in theatrical productions. Scientists observed that 215 ml of propylene glycol caused nausea, vertigo and strange sensations. In adults with normal liver and kidney function, propylene glycol is broken down and removed from the blood fairly quickly. But the fact that its also an ingredient in antifreeze raises concerns about the possible side effects of eating any food contaminated with it. This emission, which is also PDF 1. PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease It is non-toxic. Sec. 1,2-propanediol, methyl glycol, Xanthan gum is a common food additive that has some people worried, while others claim it has health benefits. 2000). In adults with normal liver and kidney function, the terminal half-life of propylene glycol ranges from 1.4 hours to 3.3 hours (Speth et al. several days to a week) in surface water and in soil. CE Renewal Date: March 20, 2022 from exposure to it. It is one in a series of Public Health Statements about hazardous substances and their health effects. 1997). chemical emission. eating, or drinking substances containing the It is a colorless, odorless, slightly syrupy liquid that is a bit thicker than water. such as an industrial plant, or from a container, such Propylene glycol is a colorless, nearly odorless, thick liquid. Quiz 18: To review relevant content, see Uses in this section. and . 88 of propylene glycol can aid in the recovery from both clinical and subclinical ketosis by stabilizing an 89 . citizens. Affected Organ Systems: Respiratory (From the Nose to the Lungs). There is a lot of conflicting information about the dangers of propylene glycol. An official website of the United States government. However, studies of people and animals show that if you have repeated eye, skin, nasal, or oral exposures to propylene glycol for a short time, you may develop some irritation. American Lung Association. Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registration. Phosphoric acid is a colorless, odorless crystalline liquid. It is primarily made by treating propylene oxidea chemical produced from refining petroleumwith water. Propylene glycol may be an issue for some people for a couple of reasons. effects. It has practically no taste (1). The US and European food authorities have declared it as generally safe for use in foods. Propylene glycol is practically odorless and tasteless. However, the osmolar gap, anion gap, and lactate are commonly elevated in propylene glycol intoxication (Lim et al. What Could Face Mapping Reveal About Your Health? Propylene glycol is a colourless liquid that is relatively viscous, has no odour, and tastes slightly sweet. Some additives enhance flavor, while others help in food preservation. One of them developed severe unspecified neurological symptoms (30). However, it has become controversial since it is also an ingredient in antifreeze. the type and severity of those health effects will be. One common ingredient is propylene glycol, primarily found in salad dressing. We take your privacy seriously. What Are Propylene and Butylene Glycol, and Are They Safe? For more information, call the ATSDR Information Center at 1-800-232-4636. Toxicological profile for Propylene Glycol. Cats reacting to high doses of propylene glycol may exhibit signs of depression and may have a loss of coordination, muscle twitching, and excessive urination and thirst. These sites Propylene Glycol - Cosmetics Info Can Smoking Increase Your Risk of Seizures? However, it has become controversial since it is also an ingredient in antifreeze. 2006; Wilson et al. If you have questions or concerns, please contact your community or state health or environmental quality department or: For more information, contact: Propylene Glycol
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